Reform

Hannah S & Billy W

Introduction

Horace Mann, American education reformer

Reform means beneficial change, or sometimes, more specifically, reversion to a pure original state. The latter means basic or radical change where reform may be no more than fine tuning. Reform seeks to improve the system as it stands, never to overthrow it wholesale. During the time of 1789 to the 1900s, America reformed many things. Things such as education, the government, women's rights, and former slave's rights experienced reform. A strong spirit of reform swept through the United States during the late 1800s. Many Americans called for changes in the country's economic, social, and political systems. They wanted to reduce poverty, improve the living conditions of the poor, and regulate big business.They woked to end government corruption and make government more re

Samuel Gompers

sponsive to citizens. Early reform efforts included movements to organize farmers and laborers. In 1886, skilled laborers formed the American Federation of Labor (AFL). It was led by Samuel Gompers its purpose was to bargain with employers and gain better wages and working conditions for its members. Farmers founded the National Grange and the Farmer's Alliance during the 1870s and 1880s. These groups helped force railways to lower their charges for hauling farm products and assisted farms in other ways. The drive for women suffrage became strong a

Susan B. Anthony

fter the Civil War. In 1869, Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady founded the National Women Suffrage Association. The territory of Wyoming gave women the right to vote the same year. Soon, a few states allowed women to vote, but only in local elections. In 1891 farmers and some laborers formed the People's, or Populist, Party. The Populists called for government action to help out the farmers and laborers. They gained a large following and convinced many Republicans and Democrats to support reform. Reformers won control of many local and state governments. They also elected many representatives to Congress who favored their views. Reformers in local and state government passed many laws to help the poor. Such laws provided for tenement house inspection, playgrounds, and other improvements to the life of the people in the slums. Some reform goverments expanded public education and forced employers to protect workers against fires and dangerous machines in factories.

Timeline

• 1820 - Missouri Compromise passed
• 1826 - American Society for the Promotion of Temperance founded
• 1832 - Reform Bill

  A Vindication of the Rights of Woman, 1792

• 1833 - The founding meeting of the American Anti-Slavery Society (AASS) is held
• 1837 - Education reforms began
• 1848 - Declaration of Sentiment written
• 1865 - The Thirteenth Amendment
• 1868 - The Fourteenth Amendment
• 1870 - The Fifthteenth Amendment
• 1873 - Women’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) is formed
• 1886 - American Federation of Labor (AFL) formed
• 1890 - National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA) is formed

Glossary

• Arthur Tappan

  American Anti-Slavery Society - an abolitionist society founded by William Lloyd Garrison and Arthur Tappan
• American Federation of Labor - one of the first federations of labor unions in the United States, founded in Columbus, Ohio
• American Temperance Society - group whose members abstained from drinking distilled beverages.
• Antebellum - refers to events occurring or objects dating before the Civil War, which began in 1861
• Arthur Tappan - an American abolitionist
• Declaration of Sentiment - a document signed known as the "grand basis for attaining the civil, social, political, and religious rights of women."
• Elizabeth Cady Stanton - an American social activist, abolitionist, and leading figure of the early woman's movement, also signed declaration of sentiment

  Celebration of 15th Amendment

• Farmer's Alliance - an organized agrarian economic movement amongst U.S. farmers that flourished in the 1880s
• Horace Mann - was an American education reformer and a member of the Massachusetts House of Representatives from 1827 to 1833
• Missouri Compromise - an agreement passed in 1820 between the pro-slavery and anti-slavery factions in the United States Congress, involving primarily the regulation of slavery in the western territories
• National American Woman Suffrage Association - an American women's rights organization formed in May 1890 as a unification of the National Woman Suffrage Association (NWSA) and the

  William Lloyd Garrison

  American Woman Suffrage Association (AWSA)
• National Grange - a fraternal organization for American farmers that encourages farm families to band together for their common economic and political well-being
• Populist - a short-lived political party in the United States in the late 19th century
• Tenement - much like a small apartment
• The Thirteenth Amendment - abolishes slavery
• The Fourteenth Amendment - gives citizenship to all persons born or naturalized in the United States, including former slaves
• The Fifthteenth Amendment - gives former male slaves the right to vote
• Reform - beneficial change
• Samuel Gompers - an American labor union leader and a key figure in American labor history, also leader of the American Federation of Labor (AFL)
• Susan Brownell Anthony - prominent American civil rights leader who played a pivotal role in the 19th century women's rights movement to introduce women's suffrage into the United States
• William Lloyd Garrison - a prominent American abolitionist, journalist, and social reformer
• Women’s Christian Temperance Union - the oldest continuing non-sectarian women's organization worldwide, founded in Evanston, Illinois

Entertainment
Match the following words with the correct meaning:

Elizabeth Cady Stanton in her later years

—— Citizenship

—— Movement to decrease alcoholism

—— One of the organizers of the Seneca Falls Convention

—— Education Reforms

—— Famous author who lived at Brook Farm

—— Used to maintain balance between free and slave states in the United States

—— Women’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU)

—— Emancipation Proclamation

The Drunkard's Progress

—— Abolishes Slavery

—— First labor strike in textile mills

A. 1862
B. 1873
C. Horace Mann
D. Nathaniel Hawthorne
E. Thirteenth Amendment
F. Fourteenth Amendment
G. Missouri Compromise
H. Elizabeth Cady Stanton
I. Pawtucket, Rhode Island
J. Temperance Movement

For More Info on Reforms:
http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h1061.html
http://winningthevote.org/F-timelines.html
http://www.americanhistory.abc-clio.com/Eras/Display.aspx?storyid=1186612&pagetypeid=2&entryid=256052&issublink=true&fromsearch=false
http://www.socialstudieshelp.com/Lesson_28_Notes.htm
http://www.absoluteastronomy.com/topics/Reform_movement

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